Facts About Mount St. Helens

Mount St. Helens is an active volcano located in the United States Pacific Northwest region. It is positioned about 96 miles (154 km) south of Seattle, Washington and 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Portland, Oregon. Mount St. Helens is found within the Cascade Mountain Range, which runs from northern California through Washington and Oregon into British Columbia, Canada. This range, as part of the curved stretch of extreme seismic activity known as the Pacific ​Ring of Fire, features many active volcanoes. In fact, the Cascadia Subduction Zone itself was formed by plate convergence along the North American coast. Today, the land surrounding Mount St. Helens is rebounding and most of it has been preserved as a part of the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument. Geography of Mount St. Helens Compared to other volcanoes in the Cascades, Mount St. Helens is fairly young geologically speaking because it was formed only 40,000 years ago. Its top cone, which was destroyed in the 1980 eruption, began developing only 2,200 years ago. Due to its rapid growth, many scientists consider Mount St. Helens the most active volcano in the Cascades within the last 10,000 years. There are three main river systems in the vicinity of Mount St. Helens. These include the Toutle, Kalama, and Lewis Rivers. These were all significantly impacted by the eruption of 1980. The nearest town to Mount St. Helens is Cougar, Washington, which is around 11 miles (18 km) away. Gifford Pinchot National Forest comprises the rest of the immediate area. Other nearby but much farther cities such as Castle Rock, Longview, and Kelso, Washington were affected by the 1980 eruption because they are low-lying and near the regions rivers. 1980 Eruption On May 18 of 1980, the eruption of Mount St. Helens removed 1,300 feet of mountaintop and ravaged surrounding forests and cabins in a destructive avalanche. In addition to avalanches, the area endured the aftermath of earthquakes, pyroclastic flow, and ash for several years. Activity on the mountain began on March 20, 1980, when a magnitude 4.2 earthquake struck. Steam soon began to vent from the mountain and by April, a bulge appeared on the north side of Mount St. Helens. This bulge would cause a historically catastrophic avalanche. When another strong earthquake struck on May 18, the entire north face of the volcano tumbled into a debris avalanche that is believed to have been the largest in history. Reawakening This massive landslide caused Mount St. Helens to erupt in a violent explosion on the same day. The volcanos pyroclastic flow—a swift river of hot ash, lava, rock, and gas—leveled the surrounding area almost instantly. The blast zone of this deadly eruption spanned 230 square miles (500 sq km): rocks were hurled, waterways flooded, the air poisoned, and more. 57 people were killed. Ash alone had disastrous effects. During its first eruption, the plume of ash from Mount St. Helens rose as high as 16 miles (27 km) and moved east until it spread upwards of 35 miles. Volcanic ash is highly toxic and thousands of humans were exposed. Mount St. Helens continued erupting ash from 1989 to 1991. In addition to the spread of ash, heat from eruptions and force from numerous avalanches caused the mountains ice and snow to melt, which led to the formation of fatal volcanic mudflows called lahars. These lahars poured into neighboring rivers—the Toutle and Cowlitz, in particular—and caused widespread flooding. This devastation blanketed miles and miles of land. Material from Mount St. Helens was found 17 miles (27 km) south  in the Columbia River along the Oregon-Washington border. Five smaller explosions, accompanied by countless eruptive episodes, would follow this reawakening in the next six years. Activity on the mountain continued until 1986 and a giant lava dome formed in the newly-developed crater at the volcanos summit. Recovery The land around this volcano has almost fully rebounded since 1980. The area that was once completely scorched and barren is now a thriving forest. Just five years after the initial eruption, surviving plants sprouted through the thick layer of ash and debris and flourished. Since 1995, biodiversity within the previously damaged area has even increased—there are many trees and shrubs growing successfully and animals that inhabited the land pre-eruption have returned and resettled. Most Recent Activity Mount St. Helens devastating 1980 modern eruption was not its most recent activity. The volcano has continued to make its presence known. Since its historic explosion, Mount St. Helens experienced a period of much smaller eruptions lasting from 2004 to 2008. During this four-year period, the mountain was again very active and eruptive. Fortunately, none of the explosions were particularly severe and the land has not suffered too greatly because of them. Most of these smaller eruptions only added on to the growing lava dome at Mount St. Helens summit crater. In 2005, however, Mount St. Helens erupted a 36,000 foot (11,000 m) plume of ash and steam. A minor earthquake accompanied this event. Ash and steam have been visible on the mountain several times in more recent years. Sources Diggles, Michael.  Mount St. Helens–From the 1980 Eruption to 2000. U.S. Geological Survey, 1 Mar. 2005.Dzurisin, Daniel. â€Å"Mount St. Helens Retrospective: Lessons Learned Since 1980 and Remaining Challenges.†Ã‚  Frontiers in Earth Science, Volcanology, 10 Sept. 2018.â€Å"Mount St. Helens Area.†Ã‚  Gifford Pinchot National Forest, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service.â€Å"Mount St. Helens Information Resource Center and Visitor Guide.†Ã‚  Welcome to Mount St. Helens, 2019 Mount St. Helens Discovery LLC, 2019.Volcanic Hazards Program. â€Å"2004-2008 Renewed Volcanic Activity.†Ã‚  Cascades Volcano Observatory Mount St. Helens, United States Geological Survey | U.S. Department of the Interior.

African Literature Colonialism And Communal Disintegration

African Literature: Colonialism and Communal Disintegration In the eyes of many Africans, colonialism have been seen as a wretched, forceful, and brutal integration into their lives, lands, and culture. During the late 17th and 18th century, European imperialist countries pursued lands to great ends such to be seen as a powerful country. Africa was seen as a popular option, as massive droves of colonists poured into the untapped and pristine, yet unprepared country. However, this aggression and unadulterated speed severely punished its very own inhabitants. These â€Å"liberators† thought that these African natives were uneducated and thought they brought light to this new world. Few of the colonists had attempted to remotely understand the nature of the culture around them, but overwhelmingly imposed their own thoughts and beliefs. New governments and laws were levied, and the natural order of religious rites were interrupted if they were seen as treacherous or unfit to be do ne. In addition, the introduction of a new religion, more commonly as Christianity, wrecked havoc among even the most native born believers. The unity and strength of many families and friends were struck with an unfamiliar blow as this new culture threatened to tear the very fabric that tied them as a community. This quickly created an uncanny rift that brought many communities to their knees. These deep conflicts are presented in the widely acclaimed stories of Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and DeathShow MoreRelatedDifferences Between Phonetics and Phonology2519 Words   |  11 PagesUNIVERSITY OF LIVINGSTONIA LAWS CAMPUS-FACULTY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGES amp; LITERATURE STUDIES FROM: PENJANI M. K. GONDWE-BED/008/10 {STUDENT} TO: MR. J. M. W. ZIMBA {LECTURER} {SUBJECT}: ENGLISH {COURSE TITLE}: INTRODUCTION TO PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY {COURSE CODE}: EENG 2401 {YEAR OF STUDY}: TWO {SEMESTER}: FOUR {TASK}: DISCUSS THE MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY {SUBMISSION DATE}: 29TH MARCH, 2012 According to Firth (1930) phonetics and phonology are the two fieldsRead MoreThe Sacred in Things Fall Apart and No Longer at Ease2411 Words   |  10 Pagesthe implementation of masking as obscured by colonialism presented a unique opportunity for Europeans to reconfigure established perceptions of reality.   In traditional Igbo society, it was the role of the artist to affirm a sense of the sacred within the community.   Specifically, the egwugwu, one who impersonates an ancestral spirit of the village while hidden by a mask, provided an affirmation of identity through the sacred phenomenon of communal suspension of disbelief--faith in the sacredRead More The Marxist Formula in Emechetas The Joys of Motherhood Essay4895 Words   |  20 Pagestriggered vast change within the tribal civilizations thriving on the continent prior to European occupation. For the Africans, these changes altered every level of their culture: language, religion, as well as ancient tribal custo ms. But one of the most devastating aspects of the British colonization in Africa was the European economic system: capitalism. Capitalism left many Africans reeling from its destructive impact on tribal economies. Nowhere is this more evident than in The Joys of MotherhoodRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesINTRODUCTION whole, treats the two wars and their prehistory and aftermaths as genuinely global phenomena, not as conflicts among the great powers of Europe, the United States, and Japan, which has been the obsessive focus of most of the vast literature on this subject that defined much of twentieth-century history. As Carl Guarneri argues cogently in his contribution to the collection, which provides the fullest bibliographic references, the emergence of the United States first as one of the

If I Were a Teacher Free Essays

If I were a teacher I would be a wise and the best teacher. A teacher who teaches his/her students things that are difficult but meant to be taught in such easy ways. A teacher who makes his/her students learn the lessons fruitfully. We will write a custom essay sample on If I Were a Teacher or any similar topic only for you Order Now If I were a teacher I would be a Great Listener. Because before you teach, it is a good thing that a teacher also knows how to listen, like Jesus. If I were a teacher I should be compassionate and thoughtfulThough it might be taken for granted, I still would continue to befriended to my students and show them that someone is adding up her name in his/her family. :)) If I were a teacher I should be forgiving a teacher who knows the word accept. Because a good teachers knows how to accept his/her students as what they really are. And if mistakes are to be done, forgive and forget are the best way then erase their mistakes after. If I were a teacherI would be a teacher who NEVER GIVES UP Because like God, though forgotten left time after time, He still follows His students and continues to love and teach them in any way He could. If I were a teacher I would like to be like J E S U S A teacher that is wise and the best A teacher that is a GREAT LISTENER A teacher that is compassionate and thoughtful A teacher that is forgiving and knows the word accept. A teacher who has never gives up (on me). -Hadhaza G. Salvo – How to cite If I Were a Teacher, Papers

Acceptable Risk free essay sample

Each year there are millions of people who die or are injured all around the globe due to the fires at work. Although, it is not just the loss of life that a country has to deal with, it is the damage to land and property and loss of businesses. Once a fire breaks out on a fertile agricultural land, the land becomes infertile for quite some time. Such incidents reduce the production and the output of the country per year, reducing the compensation of the employees, whose income is highly dependent on agriculture. This is just one trivial example of how such events destroy land and take away lives. When it comes to responsibility of such events, it is not just the government that is to blame. Every citizen is responsible for his own actions. In this report, I shall be covering some of the incidents that have taken place after 9/11 and all the preventive measures that can be taken to avoid these fire events. There is a lot that can be done to prevent all the fire events that take place. There is no doubt that not a lot can be done, but, the number of casualties can definitely be decreased. In this research report we will be discussing some of the main incidents that have taken place after September 9, 2001, which depict the structural loss and loss of lives caused due to the fire events that have taken place in the world. In addition to that, in the end we shall be discussing what strategy the government has come up with, in order to reduce and avert such tragedies. The government has come up with a five-step process called Risk Assessment. In which each individual and each event is dealt with separately. This enables the people to have a clear-cut idea of as to how to deal with such situations. (Henry, 2001) Let’s see what really caused the collapse of the World Trade Centre on September 11, 2001. We all know that, the two hijacked planes which were heading in totally different directions were made to crash the two towers. This crash caused a fire and the towers were like a lit candle for quite some time. And then the building collapsed. There is something that is bizarre about this situation. How is it possible for a building, so well-developed, a multi-million dollar project, estimated to be standing for more than 20 years without repair – fell and collapsed, causing a cloud of dust and smoke? This is not the only thing, there were fire extinguishers and fire alarms in the building which go off whenever there is a smoke of fire or if the office appliance catches fire. But none of that happened. Now, the official reason that is given by various observers is that the fire caused the building to heat and the temperature was rose way above 800 °C, which caused the building to collapse. The laboratory director who came up with this figure and statement was fired after the actual temperature of the building was found to be no more than 500 °C. One of the eye witnesses said that the real damage that was caused to the building which caused it to collapse was the â€Å"size† of the fire. Although the building had an efficient fire protection system in place, the plane 767 crashed through the wall, inside the building, destroying the main fire protection devices inside the building. This witness was present in the first tower of the World Trade centre, who witnessed and survived the collapse. The other witness that was present in the other World Trade Centre tower also claimed that the fire spread in World Trade Centre II was due to the size of the fire and also claimed that the fire spread inside the building within seconds burning everything that was in its way. Because of the fire, the building’s iron rods started to melt and poured down inside the building melting the office supplies and the rest of the things that were inside the building, ultimately destroying not only the infrastructure of the building which caused the collapse of the building but, it also destroyed the fire protection systems. It was later estimated that the heat that was produced by the fire caused by the plane crash is approximately equal to the heat produced by a nuclear generating station. But the real mystery is that, despite all this, the building was suppose to be standing still, at last it was a very strong building, but it collapsed. This is how destructive a fire event can be. This mystery of as to why the fire caused in building collapsed, despite the fire protection systems, is still unknown. (Frankel,2001) Above described is just one incident, which is pretty much known through out the world not as a collapse of two great towers but as 9/11. After 9/11 a lot of incidents took place, that could have been prevented, but the effort of the fire extinguishers again resulted in vain. On October 18, 2004, in the city of Venezuela, the tallest building that was standing in Venezuela, caught fire and collapsed. It was the tallest skyscraper in Venezuela and was a very important government building. The cause of the fire was reported to be an inflammable materials present inside the building, ignited and caused the collapse of the tallest building there. The ignition caused the explosion of the windows, and the tallest skyscraper was like a lit candle for more than 17 hours. By this time, all the floors from the 34th floor to the top of the building were burnt. No fatalities were caused do to the ignition, but the people present inside the building and especially the fire extinguishers, suffered from toxic inhalation problems. There were a lot of witnesses that were interviewed, which included eye witnesses and the survivors of this incident.